The literature on "natural capital" appears to be inversely proportional to effective actions related to biodiversity protection. The worse the situation becomes, the thinner the preservation actions become, and the more the writings appear. This paradox leads us to produce a synthesis of the subject in the hope that the actions will precede biodiversity credits, which only prolong a trend towards the commercialization of the Commons.
The term "natural capital" appeared in 1973 in Ernst Friedrich Schumacher's book "Small is beautiful". Economist Robert Costanza, the Biosphere II experiment, and the economic model of environmentalists Paul Hawken, Amory B. Lovins, and Hunter Lovins provide a theoretical framework for the notion of natural capital. The need to monetize nature removals dates back to the late 1980s. 
“Natural capital accounting (NCA) is an umbrella term covering efforts to use of an accounting framework to provide a systematic way to measure and report on stocks and flows of natural capital. Its underlying premise is that since the environment is important to society and the economy, it should be recognized as an asset that must be maintained and managed, and its contributions (services) be better integrated into commonly used frameworks like the System of National Accounts.
 
Natural Capital: A Controversial Paradigm Shift or Ecological Exploitation.. 1
INTRODUCTION.. 4
1-........ Creating a solid methodology. 5
1.1...... The short-term direct damage. 5
2-........ Macroeconomic approaches.. 6
2-1 The United Nations, international institutions and European countries. 6
2-2 Available tools. 8
2.2.1 Integrated Reporting.. 9
2.2.2 Environmental Profit & Loss (EP&L). 11
2.2.3 CARE-TDL (comprehensive accounting in respect of ecology – triple depreciation line). 12
2.3 British Chartered Accountants, the French government and ISO 14054. 14
3-........ THE ACCOUNTING VIEW OF NATURAL CAPITAL.. 16
3-1 The challenges of natural capital 16
3-2 Underlying methodologies. 16
3.2.1 The Terms of Reference of the Natural Capital Approach.. 17
3.2.2.Methods to cover natural capital accounting.. 18
3-3 THE APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES TO AN EMBLEMATIC CASE: TOTAL ENERGIES.. 28
3-3-1 Initial assumptions. 29
3-3-2 the effects of natural capital on TotalEnergies' share price. 30
4- Biodiversity markets.. 31
Figure 9 Biodiversity markets on the move. 32
4.1 Voluntary carbon markets as methodological guides. 33
4.1.1 The regulatory framework for carbon trading mechanisms. 33
4.1.2 Volunteer Framework. 34
4.1.3 What is the procedure for these voluntary carbon markets?.. 34
4.3 Principles applying biodiversity to markets. 35
Conclusion: Critical analysis of these methods around natural capital: 37